考研英语 近义词、形近词（七）

component, element, factor, ingredient

component    n.零部件；组成部分；成分。

Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎，引擎，车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。

element    n.元素；组成部分，方面；某特定类型的人或群体，分子。

The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。

He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。

factor    n.因素，要素，侧重指原因。

Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。

ingredient    n.原料，成分，要素。

Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。

comprise, compose, consist, constitute

comprise    v.包含，包括，由……组成(整体)；组成，构成。

Our company's product line comprises 1,900 different items.我们公司的生产线是由1,900个不同的组成部分构成的。

compose    v.构成(整体)，组成；由……组成；创作(作曲、诗歌等)。

The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。

consist    v.组成，构成,由……组成；在于，存在于。

The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。

The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。

constitute    v.构成，组成(整体)。

Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。

concentrate, focus

concentrate    v.集中，集中精力；浓缩，压缩。

During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间，同学们集中精力回答问题。

focus    v.集中(于某事物)；将(注意力等)集中于……。

Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。

confinement, limitation, restraint

confinement    n.限制，囚禁。

The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。

limitation    n.限制，局限；缺点，弱点。

That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。

restraint    n.克制，抑制；约束措施。

Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。

considerable, considerate

considerable    a.相当大的，相当多的；值得考虑的。

That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。

considerate    a.考虑周到的，体贴的。

He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。