双语阅读：各大城市如何应付“空气污染”（上）

时间：2016-12-26 17:16:59
来源：平和英语村作者：平和英语村

大多数地区已经意识到空气污染的严重性，并积极采取措施降低污染排放，净化空气质量，不同的城市拯救空气的方式不一样，下面就来看看他们都对“空气污染”使出了什么招吧！

洛杉矶：终于可以看到洛杉矶的山脉了！

Los Angeles, the city where American car culture reached its zenith, has also pushed hard to clean up its air.

洛杉矶是美国汽车文化最发达的城市，该市也在努力净化空气。

"We've made incredible progress, we can see the mountains in Los Angeles, when those of us who grew up here never could when we were young," says Joe Lyou, president of California's Coalition for Clean Air.

加利福尼亚清洁空气联盟主席Joe Lyou称，“我们已经取得了惊人的进步，我们可以看到洛杉矶的山脉，对于在洛杉矶长大的我们来说，在我们小时候这是绝对不可能的。”

The dramatic improvement is the result of the most stringent air quality regulation in America. A statewide crackdown on dirty diesel lorries and a push to expand use of zero-emission vehicles are also a big part of the story.

这一巨大的改进是美国最严空气质量监管带来的结果。另外一个重要原因是在全国范围内强制取缔不清洁的柴油卡车以及扩大零排放车辆的使用。

In addition to the decades of regulation that have made American cars 99% cleaner than they were 40 years ago, cities like New York and LA have benefitted from American motorists' distaste for diesel, which accounts for only about 2% of cars in the US.

数十年的监管让美国的车辆比40年前清洁程度提升了99%，此外，纽约、洛杉矶等城市还因为机动车驾驶者不喜欢柴油而受益，使用柴油的机动车的数量大约只占美国车辆的2%。

柏林：部分车辆安装污染过滤装置

Berlin is a notable exception to the story of the diesel disaster gripping much of western Europe. It has cleaned up its own fleet, installing pollution filters on buses and garbage trucks, and imposed tough rules on heavy goods vehicles. A strict emission zone bars older diesel vehicles, and rates of car use, which are already among the lowest in Germany, have dropped even further in recent years. Public transport is efficient and easy to use, with a two-hour pass costing just €2.70 (£2.25).

大部分西欧国家都受到了柴油灾难的影响，而柏林却是它们之中明显的例外。柏林已经整顿了该市的车辆，在公交车和垃圾车上安装了污染过滤装置，并对重型货车实施严格的规定。该市有一个限制老式柴油车和汽车使用率的限制排放区，这里已经是德国汽车使用率最低的地区之一，近年来使用率还在进一步降低。公共交通高效且便利，两个小时的通行成本只要2.7欧元。

应对空气污染世界各地反应大不同

In 2008 German authorities established strict emission zones in Berlin, Hanover and Cologne.

As a result, levels of the tiniest, most dangerous particles, known as ultrafines, fell 70% in just three years, says Axel Friedrich, former head of transport and noise at the federal environmental agency, and an adviser to government and advocacy groups.

联邦环境局交通及噪声部前负责人兼政府和游说组织顾问阿克赛尔•弗莱德里奇表示，在短短三年内，超微粒子的水平因此下降了70%，这是一种最细小最危险的污染粒子。

巴黎：公交免费，车辆单双号限行

Meanwhile, as Paris suffered a similar pollution episode - its worst in a decade - officials swung into action, waiving charges for public transport and restricting the number of cars allowed on roads, alternately barring those with odd and even license plates.

与此同时，巴黎也遭遇了近十年来最严重的类似空气污染，政府立即采取行动，取消了公共交通收费，采取单双号限行制度限制在道路上通行的车辆数量。

At the same time Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo joined officials from Madrid, Athens and Mexico City in announcing plans to get all diesel vehicles off the roads by 2025.

同时，巴黎市市长安娜-伊达尔戈与马德里、雅典以及墨西哥城的官员共同宣布，计划在2025年前禁止所有柴油车上路。

Diesel is highly polluting, emitting far greater amounts of dangerous nitrogen dioxide and tiny pollution particles than petrol, and can cause cancer to heart attacks.

柴油污染十分严重，其有害二氧化氮及细微污染颗粒的排放量比汽油更大，并可能导致癌症、心脏病。

Despite the health damage it wreaks, governments across Europe, including Britain's, have offered motorists tax incentives that effectively encourage the use of diesel, on the assumption – now being questioned - that it produces less planet-warming carbon dioxide than petrol.

尽管燃烧柴油会损害健康，但是基于柴油产生的温室气体二氧化碳比汽油更少这一假设，欧洲各国政府，包括英国，还是向司机提供税收优惠政策，以有效鼓励他们使用柴油。如今，这一假设遭到了质疑。

德里：学校停课，关闭电厂

Last month, Delhi's 20 million people suffered through the worst smog episode in 17 years, according to the Centre for Science and Environment. Officials temporarily shuttered a coal-fired power plant, halted all construction and demolition work and shut down many diesel power generators.

根据科学与环境中心的数据，上个月，德里市的2000万居民经历了17年来最严重的雾霾事件。政府官员暂时关闭了一家燃煤电厂，停止所有建设和拆除工作，并关掉了许多柴油发电机。

In a sign that Delhi has begun to acknowledge the problem, officials also closed 1,800 schools for three days, as particulate levels soared to 28 times the recommended maximums.

德里已经开始认识到空气污染问题的迹象是，因为颗粒物质的水平飙升至推荐最大值的28倍，政府还让1800所学校关闭三天。

本文链接：https://www.pinghe.com/study/Reading/article/2016-12-26/505.html