英语写作时，常见的英语句子错误有哪些？（一）

 

 

 

我们在用英语写作的时候，常常会犯一些相同的错误。下面这十个错误后面，都附有正确答案，以及详细的解说。希望能在以后的日子中， 对你有所帮助。

 

1. Incomplete Sentence - Sentence Fragment

句子不完整——残缺句

 

One common mistake many students make is the use of incomplete sentences. Each sentence in English must contain at least a subject and a verb, and should be an independent clause. Examples of incomplete sentences without a subject or a verb might include an instruction or a prepositional phrase.

 

许多学生都会犯一个常见的错误，就是写出来的句子不完整。英语中，每个句子都必须至少有一个主语，一个动词，并单独成句。没有主语或动词的残缺句子可能就只有表示指令的句子或者介词短语了。

 

For example:

例如：

Through the door.

穿过大门。

In the other room.

在另一个房间。

Over there.

在那里。

 

These are phrases we may use in spoken English, but that should not be used in written English as they are incomplete.

在英语口语中，你可能会用到这些短语，但是因为它们毕竟不是完整的英语句子，所以在书面语言中，我们一般不会使用。

 

Sentence fragments caused by dependent clauses used without an independent clause are more common. Remember that subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses. In other words, if you use a subordinating clause beginning with a word such as 'because, though, if, etc.' there must be an independent clause to complete the thought. This mistake is often made on tests asking a question with 'Why'.

 

由于缺乏独立分句的从属子句导致的句子残缺很常见。记住，从属连词引出了从属子句。也就是说，如果你用一些词语来引出从句，例如because，though，if等等，就必须要有一个独立分句来使句子完整。我们在考试中，使用why来提出问题时，经常会犯这样的错误。

 

For example, the sentences:

例如，下面这个句子：

Because Tom is the boss.

因为汤姆就是老板。

 

Since he left work early without permission.

自从他不经允许就早退。

 

We might answer the question: "Why did he lose his job?" However, these are sentence fragments. The correct answer would be:

我们可能会问：“他为什么丢掉工作？”但是，这些句子都是不完整的。正确用法应该是：

 

He lost his job because Tom is the boss.

因为汤姆就是老板，所以他丢掉了工作。

 

He lost his job since he left work early without permission.

他因为不经允许就早退而丢掉了工作。

 

Other examples of incomplete sentences introduced by subordinating clauses include:

其他关于从属子句的残缺句还包括下面内容：

 

Even though he needs help.

虽然他需要帮助

 

If they study enough.

如果他们好好学习

 

As they had invested in the company.

因为他们投资了这家公司

 

2. Run-on Sentences

句子不连贯

 

Run-on sentences are sentences that:

不连贯句子指的是：

 

1) are not connected by appropriate linking language such as conjunctions

缺乏合适的连接词，例如连词。

 

2) use too many clauses rather than using periods and linking language such as conjunctive adverbs

使用过多的从句，而非句号和连接语，例如连接副词

 

The first type leaves out a word - usually a conjunction - that is required to connect a dependent and independent clause. For example:

第一种是漏掉了一个词——通常是连接词——用于连接非独立子句和独立子句。

 

The students did well on the test they didn't study very much.

学生们考得很好他们没有下多少功夫。

 

Anna needs a new car she spent the weekend visiting car dealerships.

安娜想买辆新车她整个周末都在约见代理商。

 

The first sentence should use either a conjunction 'but', or 'yet' or a subordinating conjunction 'although, even though, or though' to connect the sentence. In the second sentence, the conjunction 'so' or the subordinating conjunction 'since, as, or because' would connect the two clauses.

 

第一句话要么应该加上一个连词but，要么加上yet，或者一个从属连词although, even though或though来连接前后两句。

 

The students did well, yet they didn't study very much.

学生们考得很好，但他们并没有下多少功夫。

 

Anna spent the weekend visiting car dealerships since she needs a new car.

因为想买辆新车，安娜整个周末都在约见代理商。

 

Another common run on sentence occurs when using too many clauses. This often occurs using the word 'and'.

另一种句子不连贯发生在使用太多从句的时候。常常是由于and一词导致。

 

We went to the store and bought some fruit, and we went to the mall to get some clothes, and we had lunch at McDonald's, and we visited some friends.

我们去商店买了一些水果，去购物商城买了一些衣服，在麦当劳吃的午饭，又见了一些朋友。

 

The continuous chain of clauses using 'and' should be avoided. In general, do not write sentences that contain more than three clauses to ensure that your sentences do not become run-on sentences.

我们应该避免使用and来连接一大串的从句。一般来说，从句不要超过三个，以确保句子的连贯性。

 

3. Duplicate Subjects

两个主语

 

Sometimes students use a pronoun as a duplicate subject.

有时候，学生们会将代词作为第二个主语。

 

Remember that each clause takes only one sentence. If you have mentioned the subject of a sentence by name, there is no need to repeat with a pronoun.

记住，每个从句只需要一句话。如果之前你已经提到主语的名字，就不需要再用代词重复了。

 

Example 1:

例一：

Tom lives in Los Angeles.

汤姆住在洛杉矶。

NOT

而不是

Tom, he lives in Lost Angeles.

汤姆，他住在旧金山。

 

Example 2:

例二：

The students come from Vietnam.

学生们来自越南。

NOT

而不是

The students they come from Vietnam.

学生们他们来自越南。

 

4. Incorrect Tense

时态错误

 

Tense usage is a common mistake in student writing. Make sure that the tense used corresponds to the situation. In other words, if you are speaking about something that happened in the past do not use include a tense that refers to the present. For example:

 

时态错误在学生写作中很常见。你要确保时态与事情发生的情况一致。也就是说，如果你要表达的是发生在过去的事，就不要使用现在时态。例如：

 

They fly to visit their parents in Toronto last week.

 

上周他们坐飞机去看望父母。

 

Alex bought a new car and drives it to her home in Los Angeles.

亚历克斯买了一辆新车，并把它开进了洛杉矶的家。