时间:2019-05-28 13:42:53
来源:平和英语村 作者:Myron Chen
一、表示条件 “假如”“如果”
if作为连词,引导条件状语从句,它表示的意思是“假如”“如果”等。在这种用法中,有一个我们常念叨的使用规则——主将从现,也就是在复合句中主句用将来时,if引导的状语从句用一般现在时。例如:
1. He will come if you invite him.
如果你邀请他,他会来的。
2. If it doesn't rain, we will go to the park next Sunday.
如果天不下雨,下周星期天我们将去公园。
二、表示虚拟 “假如”“要是”
if的虚拟语气用法,主要就是搞清楚三种虚拟情况下的主句和从句时态。时态的退后是虚拟语气特点。把下面的这个表格牢牢的记住吧。
A.与现在事实相反的假设,主从句时态为:if条件句(从句)用一般过去时,主句用 would/could/should/might +动词原形。例如:
If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
If they were here,they would help you.
如果他们在这儿的话,他们会帮你的。(事实:他们不在这儿)
B.与过去事实相反的假设,主从句时态为:if条件句(从句)用过去完成时,主句用 would/could/should/might have + 动词的过去分词。例如:
If he had come yesterday,I should/would have told him about it.
如果他昨天来了,我就会告诉他了。(事实:他昨天没来)
If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。 (事实:我去晚了)
C.与将来事实可能相反或对将来的假想,从句时态有三种:
if条件句(从句) 主句
一般过去时
should + 动词原形 would/could/should/might +动词原形
were + 不定式
例如:
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
如果你能成功,一切都会好起来。
三、表示让步 “即使是”,“虽说”
if作为连词,引导让步状语从句。这时if的意思是“即使是”,“虽说”。例如:
1. If she’s poor,at least she’s honest. 虽说她很穷,但至少她还是诚实的。
2. I’ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. 即使会花费我一下午的时间,我还是要做这事。
四、表示“是否”
if作为连词还可以引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句时和whether意思相同,表示是否。例如:
1. Lily asked if / whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
2. She asked if / whether they had a cotton one. 她问是否他们有一件棉织的。
五、表示沮丧、惊奇
if后接否定动词,用于感叹句中,表示沮丧、惊奇等。例如:
1. Well,if I haven’t left my false teeth at home!
真倒霉,我把假牙丢在家里了!
2. And if he didn’t try to knock me down!
他竟然想把我击倒!
六、if与其它一些介词的连用
as与if连用,它的意思是:“仿佛、好像”同样引导从句。例如:
1. He looked as if he was ill.
他看起来好像生病了。
2. It seems as if it is going to rain.
看来好像要下雨了。
另外as if还可以引导感叹句。例如:
As if I would allow it!(i.e.I would certainly not allow it!)
好像我会答应似的!(我才不会答应!)
if与only连用,常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾,主要用在虚拟语气中,常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等。尤其用于感叹句中。例如:
1. If only I were as clever as you!
要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊!
2. If only she had known about it!
她那时要是知道这事就好了!
说起if的用法,脑子里自然配了首背景音乐 Beyonce——If I were a boy
碧昂斯是女的,“如果我是个男孩”,与现在事实相反,主句用would/could/should/might +动词原形,从句用一般过去时。
If I were a boy 如果我是一个男孩
Even just for a day 哪怕只是一天也好
I would roll out of bed in the morning 我会一大早起床
......
If I were a boy 如果我是一个男孩
I think that I could understand 我想我会明白
How it feels to love a girl 爱上一个女孩子是什么样的感受
......
If I were a boy 如果我是一个男孩
I would turn off my phone 我会关掉手机