双语阅读：10个魅力无限的城堡你去过吗？（上）
时间：2017-08-07 14:52:19
来源：平和英语村 作者：Cara
1.Mont Saint-Michel: a Medieval Castle on a Small Island
1.圣米歇尔山城堡：一座小岛上的中世纪城堡
Mont St Michel France is situated on a quasi-island on the Normandy coast, near Brittany, which at high tide is almost entirely separated from the mainland. Only a narrow causeway, constructed in the 1880s preserves a link to the coast. Beware: the tide comes in quickly - many tourists have drowned attempting to cross the sandy bay. Unlike other castles in France, which began as defensive structures or pleasure palaces, Mont St Michel had its beginnings as a monastery. Today, the Castle attracts over four million visitors a year, far more than most castles in France and has been featured in numerous movies, cartoons, and even videogames.
在毗邻法国布列塔尼地区的诺曼底沿海，圣米歇尔山城堡坐落在一座似岛非岛的山上，涨潮时才会形成孤岛。仅有一条19世纪80年代修筑的狭窄堤道与海岸相连。需要注意的是，该地涨潮迅猛，许多打算穿过这片滩涂的游客均因陷入流沙不能自拔而溺毙。在法国，其他城堡要么用来作为防御工事，要么用于享乐，而圣米歇尔山城堡最初是一座修道院。如今，它每年会吸引逾四百万游客，远超法国大多数城堡的游客数量，还频频出现在很多电影、动画和游戏中。
2.Predjamski Castle: Integrated in a Cave
2.帕瑞德亚姆斯基城堡：山洞城堡
Every castle in the world is unique in some way, no two are the same, but this one —even though it's rather small and humble compared to some— is probably the only one in the world who is integrated in a cave, precisely the second largest cave system in Slovenia. Its name, Predjamski Grad, literally means "Castle in Front of the Cave."
世界上每座城堡都是独一无二的，不过相比之下，这座小型城堡虽然简约，但它可能是世界上唯一一座山洞中的城堡，准确地说是斯洛文尼亚第二大洞穴系统。它就是帕瑞德亚姆斯基城堡，字面含义为“洞穴城堡”。
The castle wasn't built in one go; first written records exist from 13th century, though the first part (left wing) was probably built in the first half of 12th century. Middle part was added in renaissance, and the right wing was build around 1570. Some things were added and changed later, but since 1990 renovation work is in progress, restoring it to the original 16th century look.
该城堡的建立并非一气呵成，关于它的文字记录最早出现在13世纪，城堡的第一部分（左翼）建于12世纪中叶，中间部分建于文艺复兴时期，右翼大约建于1570年。后来又经历了增建和改造，直到1990年，政府开始对城堡进行翻新，以使其恢复到16世纪的面貌。
3.Matsumoto Castle: Japan's most fascinating castle
3.松本城：日本最迷人的城堡
Matsumoto Castle, locally known as Matsumotojo, is one of the most complete and beautiful among Japan's original castles. It is also a good example of a so called "hirajiro", a castle built on the plain rather than on a hill or mountain. Matsumotojo's castle tower and smaller, second turret were built from 1592 to 1614 and were both well defended, as peace was not yet fully secured at the time. In 1635, when no more military threats existed, a third, barely defended turret for moon viewing was added to the castle.
松本城是日本诸多古堡中保存最完好也是最美的城堡，当地称它为“松本”。和依丘陵而建或依高山而建的城池不同，松本城坐落在平原地区，是一座典型的平城。该城的主塔楼和规模较小的第二塔楼建于1592年至1614年，当时战火不断，塔楼的修建起到了极佳的防御作用。军事威胁解除后，1635年修建了第三座非防御性塔楼用于赏月。
4.Malbork Castle: World's Largest Brick Gothic Castle
4.马尔堡城堡：世界上最大的砖砌哥特式城堡
The Castle in Malbork was built in Prussia by the Teutonic Order as an Ordensburg. The Order named it Marienburg, literally "Mary's Castle". The town which grew around it was also named Marienburg, but since 1945 it is again, after 173 years, part of Poland and known as Malbork. The castle is a classic example of a medieval fortress, and is the world's largest brick gothic castle. UNESCO listed the castle and its museum as World Heritage Sites in December 1997.
这座城堡如今位于波兰的马尔堡，当年由条顿骑士团建于普鲁士。骑士团将它命名为“马里恩堡”，字面意思即“玛丽的城堡”。城堡所在的城镇也叫“马里恩堡”，1772年以前一直掌握在波兰手中，从那之后又历经173年，直到1945年才再次成为波兰领土，并以“马尔堡”之名著称。马尔堡城堡是一座典型的中世纪要塞，也是世界上最大的砖砌哥特式城堡，并于1997年12月被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。
5.Lowenburg Castle: The Disneyland of the 18th century
5.狮子堡：18世纪的迪士尼乐园
Within the Wilhelmshohe Hill Park which sits on one end of the city of Kassel, there stands what appears to be a medieval castle. However, the Lowenburg or "Lion's Castle" was ordered to be built by the Landgrave Wilhelm IX from Hessen Kassel (1743 -1821), the Walt Disney of his era, over a period of eight years between 1793 and 1801 as a romantic ruin. It was carefully designed by his royal court building inspector Heinrich Christoph Jussow who had gone to England specifically to study romantic English ruins and draw up a plan for the Landgrave's garden folly. Today scholars regard Lowenburg Castle ruins as one of the most significant buildings of its genre, in addition to being one of the first major neo-Gothic buildings in Germany.
狮子堡是一座中世纪风格的城堡，位于德国卡塞尔市一端的威廉高地公园内。威廉九世侯爵是当时黑森-卡塞尔领地（1793-1821）的领主，被称为那个时代的沃尔特·迪士尼，他下令修建了这座具有浪漫色彩的废墟之城，工程始于1793年，竣工于1801年，共耗时8年。狮子堡由皇家建筑师海音里奇·克里斯多夫·加索精心设计，他还曾亲赴英格兰研究那些充满浪漫色彩的英式废墟建筑，并为这一耗资巨大的工程拟定了一份草案。如今，在狮子堡废墟所属的建筑流派中，学者们将其视作最重要的建筑之一，此外它也是德国最早的新哥特式建筑之一。
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